Building codes are a set of standards and guidelines that dictate how buildings should be constructed, including factors such as structural integrity, fire safety, accessibility for people with disabilities, energy efficiency, and sanitation. These codes are established by local or national authorities to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of building occupants and users. They provide a framework for architects, engineers, builders, and other construction professionals to follow when designing and constructing buildings, ensuring that they meet minimum standards of quality and safety. Violations of these codes can result in fines or even the closure of a building until it meets compliance.